高中英语语法 之 句子的基本句型结构讲解与练习
根据动词的不同种类及其搭配特点，英语基本句型结构可归纳为八类：
1.主语+不及物动词（SV）
这种句型又称主谓结构，句子中的谓语一般是不及物动词，后面可以跟状语。
e.g.They laughed happily.
2.主语+不及物动词+状语（SVA）
这个句型称主谓结构，在主谓结构后面通过状语对语义进行补充。
e.g.They lived in Beijing.
3.主语+连系动词+表语（SVP）
这种句型称主系表结构，系动词和表语共同构成谓语部分。系动词可以分为以下几类：
①状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be动词。
e.g.His room is upstairs.
②感官类系动词：look,sound,taste,feel等。
e.g.The cloth feels soft.
③持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状态，如：keep,remain等。
e.g.He always keeps silent at the meeting.
④表象系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，如：seem, appear, look等。
e.g.He looked tired.
⑤变化类系动词：表示主语变成什么样，如：become,turn,get,come等。
e.g.His dream came true.
4.主语+及物动词+宾语（SVO）
在这种句型中，谓语一般是及物动词，后面跟宾语，这里的宾语一般都是直接宾语。
e.g.She teaches English.
5.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOiOd）
这个句型中涉及到两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接引语常指物，间接引语常指人。
e.g.Will you hand me the book?
His father will buy a car for him.
注：直接宾语在前，间接宾语前加介词to或for.
6.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVoCo）
在该句型中，宾语补足语与宾语一起组成复合宾语，要求谓语动词必须是可以带复合宾语的及物动词。
e.g.I found the project difficult.
7.主语+及物动词+宾语+状语（SVOA）
这个句型是在主谓宾结构后面通过状语进行修饰补充。
e.g.I drive my car every day.
8.There be+主语+状语（表示时间或地点）
这个句型属于倒装句型的一种，主语后置，there为引导词，无实际意义。
e.g.There are some people in the hall.
跟踪练习
分析下列句子的句型结构
1.The sun was shining.
2.Who will meet us?
3.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
4.She cooked her mother a delicious meal.
5.The war made him a hero.
6.There was a storm last night.
7.He went angrily without a word at the dinner.
8.I didn’t know him until you told me.
9.The dinner smells good.
10.He bought me a smartphone.
11.They found the house deserted.
12.There was a school behind the museum.
13.We all breath, eat and drink in the world.
14.He enjoys reading when he was young.
15.Everything looks different.
16.I showed him my pictures.
17.I saw a cat running across the road.
18.What he said does not matter.
19.I want to have a cup of tea.
20.The trouble is that they are short of money.
答案：1.SV 2.SVO 3.SVP 4.SVOiOd 5.SVOC 6.there be句型 7.SVA 8.SVOA 9.SVP 10.SWOiOd
11.SVOC 12.there be句型 13.SVA 14.SVOA 15.SVP 16.SVOiOd 17.SVOC 18.SV 19.SVO 20.SVP
